最新なCIPS L4M8問題集（198題）、真実試験の問題を全部にカバー！

質問 1：
Create a list of primary and secondary Data sources?
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Data can be primary or secondary
Primary data are derived from original work or research through experience. Primary data can be gathered from the following sources; 1) Interview (2) survey (3) meetings (4) case studies.
Secondary data is derived from a previous source, i.e. somebody else has gathered the data. Sec-ondary data can be gained from; (1) Books (2) Websites, Trade magazines, etc

質問 2：
What is contract performance review and continuous improvement?
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Contract performance review and continuous improvement is the stage 11 of the CIPS procurement and supply cycle.
In order to effectively manage supplier performance and contractual obligations, the suppliers per-formance against key performance indicators (KPI) should be reviewed regularly. This KPI should have been agreed doing the post contract award negotiation. In addition to review KPIs suppliers and the procurement team should work towards continuous improvement. This is a continuous ef-fort to improve product or services within an organization. This may involve improving quality, reducing waste in the supply chain and focusing on innovation. It is an ongoing process that works toward perfection.

質問 3：
Create a list of tangible, intangible, direct and indirect needs within an organization with which you are familiar.
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Tangible costs are the cost an organization incur acquiring items that can be physically touched and or seen.
Examples includes; 1) Capital Purchase 2) Raw materials 3) Sundry items 4) Vehi-cles/transport 5) Utilities Intangible costs are the cost an organization incurs acquiring something that cannot be physically seen or touched. Examples include; 1) Insurance 2) Marketing 3) Research and development 4) Salaries and/pension
5) Services 6) Training.
Direct costs - These are costs that an organization incurs acquiring product and services directly attributable
/traceable to its production, for example, the cost of labour and materials directly uses to produce the goods
/services which the organization sells. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet, this would be 1) total cost of acquiring the lorry,) Tooling 3) Operation.
Indirect cost - These are costs that are not directly associated to production, for example, materials and services not used in production, labour/ staff cost not directly attributed to production, such as management, sales and marking, ICT support, rents. In the case of buying and running a Lorry for transport fleet. Examples are; 1) Insurance 2) Disposal.

質問 4：
Explain how influencing, can relate to corruption within procurement.
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Influencing is the capacity to be able to change behavior or opinions, either consciously or subconsciously.
As outlined by Yukl and falbets work from 1990 influencing can relate to corruption within procurement in these six ways.
1)A party can be assertive (forceful, directive, using deadlines),
2) Ingratiating i.e. using charm and flattery.
3) Exchange-Trading favors,
4) Upward appeal (requesting input for senior management not only that influencing can come as
5) Coalition; team members uniting for support.
5) Rational persuasion, i.e. bringing in logic and facts for clarification

質問 5：
Describe two negative factors associated with ordering excess inventory.
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
In the decision to not run out of supplies, organizations can anticipate a peak were by it products will be in a high demand or a period of scarcity of raw materials and may want to increase the in-ventory. However, if this forecast is not accurate, it may lead the organization to holding excess inventory. This can expose the organization to some negative factors.
Acquisition Cost: The organization will incur an acquisition cost for the excess inventory which is inclusive of the cost of placing the order and the cost of purchasing the goods.
Holding Cost: The organization will spend more money holding the stock, trying to keep it in good condition by providing the required light, temperature, skilled handlers and so on.
Working Capital not adding value: This will off shoot the holding cost. Also valuable working capital in excess stock which in the time not adding value, can affect the liquidity of the business. This is also an opportunity cost and increase solvency.

質問 6：
Why is it important to keep ethical codes of practice up to date?
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
A code of ethics is a set of morals and principle set out by an organization to state what it deems to be acceptable conduct and behavior An ethical code of practice is a continually changing and developing document with society changing and different suppliers coming to market, the document has to remain current Suppliers should continually monitor their codes of ethics to ensure that;
1. They are looking after the interest of the supply chain
2. That potential customers can be reassured that they are conforming to the required regulation, e.g. ISO
14001.
Ethical code of conduct should be constantly monitored and updated in accordance with the changes organization faces. This include 1) Define (2) prevent (3) detect (4) reprove (5) evaluate.

質問 7：
What are the two options for the disposal of an asset if resale is not possible?
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
Disposal of an asset is the final stage in the decommissioning process of a fixed asset.
When a fixed asset reaches the end of its useful or cost effective life time within an organization, the decision is made as to whether it should be removed from the premises or disposed off.
If the asset is truly at the end of its life, no longer fit for purpose, not cost effective to repair and is not able to be exchanged, then disposal is the only option; there are two options for disposal;
1) Take the asset to land fill site
2) Taking the asset to a recycling plant.
* Refer to the question column for response

質問 8：
What is business case?
正解：
See the answer in explanation.
Explanation:
A business case is a document containing the justification and the commercial benefits achievable for a potential project or an identified need, for example, the purchase of a capital equipment, con-struction of an additional warehouse or procuring more innovative software to replace the current on in use.
The essence of the business case is to obtain support and get buy-in from senior management.
In order to gain authority to apply whole life asset management a business case will need to be created and presented. A developed business case will cover the following element.
1) Introduction: Outline of what the business case is all about
2) Objective: Explanation of what the business case desired outcome is.
3) Approach that will be undertaken
4) List of resources required
5) Benefits of achieving the objective
* Refer to the question column for response