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質問 1：
Invitation cards are now more stylized than ever. When two doctors got married in the city lately, they sent
out cards rolled and put in syringes. Another couple sent out their marriage anniversary party's invitations
in the form of a booklet with the most significant moments of their lives. The trend is now catching the
attention of children also who want a unique invitation card for their birthday parties. Which of the
following is the most suitable criticism of the above trend?
A. The event loses its importance and the card becomes the main attraction.
B. These cards are nearly five times costlier than the usual cards.
C. Some of these cards are worded in a stylish fashion and get difficult to interpret.
D. Invitation cards are only to inform the guest about the program or schedule.
E. Some such cards cannot be posted and have to be delivered specially.
正解：D
質問 2：
At the time Jane Austen's novels were published between 1811 and 1818 English literature was not part
of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religious and political
groups felt novels had the power to make so called immoral characters so interesting young readers
would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of little practical use. Even Cole-ridge,
certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that "novel-reading occasions the
destruction of the mind's power".
These attitudes towards novels help explain why Austen received little attention from early nineteenth
century literary critics. (In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely
to receive much critical attention). The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as
incisive as twentieth century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary
experience, " for example, Scott made insightful remarks about the merits of Austen's fiction. Her novels,
wrote Scott, "Present to the reader an accurate and exact. Picture of ordinary everyday people and places,
reminiscent of seventeenth century Flemish painting. " Scott did not use the word "realistic probability in
judging novels. The critic whitely did not use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with
Scott's evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction in what we have called
Austen's realistic method. Her characters, wrote whitely, are persuasive agents for moral truth since they
are ordinary persons "so clearly evoked that was feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own" Moral
instruction, explained Whitely, is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human
and interesting characters then when imparted by a sermonizing narrator. Whately especially praised
Austen's ability to create characters who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life
they are always mingled. "Whately concluded his remarks by comparing Austen's art of characterization
to Sickens, stating his preference for Austin's. Often anticipated the reservations of twentieth-century
critics. An example of such a response was Lewes' complaint in 1859 that Austen's range of subjects and
characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too
often upon only the unlofty and the common place. (Twentieth-century Marxists, on the other hand, were
to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class) in any case,
having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austen's
steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. demonstrates the nineteenth-century preference for realistic novels rather than romantic ones.
B. Describe some of the responses of nineteenth century criticstoJane Austen's novels as well as to
fiction in general
C. Urge a reassessment of Jane Austen's novels by twentieth-century literary critics
D. Explain why Jane Austen's novels were not included in any academic curriculum in the early
nineteenth century
E. Argue that realistic character portrayal is the novelist's most difficult task as well as the aspect of novel
most likely to elicit critical response.
正解：C
質問 3：
In a lottery a person chooses 6 different numbers from 1 to 20. If these numbers match with the six
numbers chosen by the lottery committee then he wins the lottery. What is his probability of winning the
prize?
A. 1/3876
B. 1/19380
C. 1/1615
D. 1/38760
E. 1/6460
正解：D
質問 4：
Minnie has to use a combination of four colors to prepare a card. The colors available are white, red, blue,
green, yellow, orange, purple and pink.
If white or red is chosen, the other must also be chosen.
Blue and green cannot be chosen together.
Either blue or white or both must be chosen.
Purple cannot be chosen with pink or without red.
If green is chosen which of the following pairs of colours must also be chosen?
A. blue and yellow
B. purple and blue
C. white and blue
D. white and red
E. yellow and orange
正解：D
質問 5：
The fossil remain of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more
than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted
hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly
what these creatures were-reptiles or birds-are among the questions scientist have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,
pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the
class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like
membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws, in birds the second finger is the
principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of features. If the pterosaur walked or remained
stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape
along side of the animal's body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the
pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned
that flying vertebrates must have been warm blooded because flying implies a high internal temperature.
Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the
body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and
relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidenced that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became air-borne have led to suggestions that they launched
themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests
of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaur's hind feet
resembled a bat's and could served as hooks by which the animal could bang in preparation for flight. The
second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The birds calls for high waves to channels updrafts. The wind that made such
waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
The author's discussion of Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman Is primarily concerned
with explaining.
A. The way some of their beliefs are shaped by differences in temperament and literary outlook.
B. some of their beliefs about the difficulties involved in self-realization
C. some of their beliefs concerning the relationship between humanism and democracy
D. the effects of some of their beliefs on their writings
E. some of their beliefs concerning the world and the place that humanity occupies in the universal order
正解：E
質問 6：
You must be the change you wish to see in the world. What does the speaker of the above sentence
mean to imply?
A. For making a difference in others, make a difference in yourself first.
B. lf you set an example, others will follow.
C. People will not change until you do.
D. Every reform starts at home.
E. You must behave with others the way you want them to behave with you.
正解：B
質問 7：
Before we can come to a decision, we shall need to hear all the pros and cant's of the matter.
A. to hear all the pros and cons of the matter.
B. to hear all the pros to cons of the matter.
C. to hear all the pros of cons of the matter.
D. to hear all the pros the cons of the matter.
E. to hear all the pros and cant's of the matter.
正解：A
質問 8：
Minnie has to use a combination of four colors to prepare a card. The colors available are white, red, blue,
green, yellow, orange, purple and pink.
If white or red is chosen, the other must also be chosen.
Blue and green cannot be chosen together.
Either blue or white or both must be chosen.
Purple cannot be chosen with pink or without red.
If blue and pink are chosen how many combinations can be made?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 1
D. 3
E. 2
正解：D
Invitation cards are now more stylized than ever. When two doctors got married in the city lately, they sent
out cards rolled and put in syringes. Another couple sent out their marriage anniversary party's invitations
in the form of a booklet with the most significant moments of their lives. The trend is now catching the
attention of children also who want a unique invitation card for their birthday parties. Which of the
following is the most suitable criticism of the above trend?
A. The event loses its importance and the card becomes the main attraction.
B. These cards are nearly five times costlier than the usual cards.
C. Some of these cards are worded in a stylish fashion and get difficult to interpret.
D. Invitation cards are only to inform the guest about the program or schedule.
E. Some such cards cannot be posted and have to be delivered specially.
正解：D
質問 2：
At the time Jane Austen's novels were published between 1811 and 1818 English literature was not part
of any academic curriculum. In addition, fiction was under strenuous attack. Certain religious and political
groups felt novels had the power to make so called immoral characters so interesting young readers
would identify with them; these groups also considered novels to be of little practical use. Even Cole-ridge,
certainly no literary reactionary, spoke for many when he asserted that "novel-reading occasions the
destruction of the mind's power".
These attitudes towards novels help explain why Austen received little attention from early nineteenth
century literary critics. (In any case, a novelist published anonymously, as Austin was, would not be likely
to receive much critical attention). The literary response that was accorded her, however, was often as
incisive as twentieth century criticism. In his attack in 1816 on novelistic portrayals "outside of ordinary
experience, " for example, Scott made insightful remarks about the merits of Austen's fiction. Her novels,
wrote Scott, "Present to the reader an accurate and exact. Picture of ordinary everyday people and places,
reminiscent of seventeenth century Flemish painting. " Scott did not use the word "realistic probability in
judging novels. The critic whitely did not use the word realism either, but he expressed agreement with
Scott's evaluation, and went on to suggest the possibilities for moral instruction in what we have called
Austen's realistic method. Her characters, wrote whitely, are persuasive agents for moral truth since they
are ordinary persons "so clearly evoked that was feel an interest in their fate as if it were our own" Moral
instruction, explained Whitely, is more likely to be effective when conveyed through recognizably human
and interesting characters then when imparted by a sermonizing narrator. Whately especially praised
Austen's ability to create characters who "mingle goodness and villainy, weakness and virtue, as in life
they are always mingled. "Whately concluded his remarks by comparing Austen's art of characterization
to Sickens, stating his preference for Austin's. Often anticipated the reservations of twentieth-century
critics. An example of such a response was Lewes' complaint in 1859 that Austen's range of subjects and
characters was too narrow. Praising her verisimilitude, Lewes added that nonetheless her focus was too
often upon only the unlofty and the common place. (Twentieth-century Marxists, on the other hand, were
to complain about what they saw as her exclusive emphasis on a lofty upper-middle class) in any case,
having been rescued by some literary critics from neglect and indeed gradually lionized by them, Austen's
steadily reached, by the mid-nineteenth century, the enviable pinnacle of being considered controversial.
The primary purpose of the passage is to
A. demonstrates the nineteenth-century preference for realistic novels rather than romantic ones.
B. Describe some of the responses of nineteenth century criticstoJane Austen's novels as well as to
fiction in general
C. Urge a reassessment of Jane Austen's novels by twentieth-century literary critics
D. Explain why Jane Austen's novels were not included in any academic curriculum in the early
nineteenth century
E. Argue that realistic character portrayal is the novelist's most difficult task as well as the aspect of novel
most likely to elicit critical response.
正解：C
質問 3：
In a lottery a person chooses 6 different numbers from 1 to 20. If these numbers match with the six
numbers chosen by the lottery committee then he wins the lottery. What is his probability of winning the
prize?
A. 1/3876
B. 1/19380
C. 1/1615
D. 1/38760
E. 1/6460
正解：D
質問 4：
Minnie has to use a combination of four colors to prepare a card. The colors available are white, red, blue,
green, yellow, orange, purple and pink.
If white or red is chosen, the other must also be chosen.
Blue and green cannot be chosen together.
Either blue or white or both must be chosen.
Purple cannot be chosen with pink or without red.
If green is chosen which of the following pairs of colours must also be chosen?
A. blue and yellow
B. purple and blue
C. white and blue
D. white and red
E. yellow and orange
正解：D
質問 5：
The fossil remain of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more
than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted
hangglider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters, solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly
what these creatures were-reptiles or birds-are among the questions scientist have puzzled over.
Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls,
pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anatomy of their wings suggests that they did not evolve into the
class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like
membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws, in birds the second finger is the
principle strut of the wing, which consists primarily of features. If the pterosaur walked or remained
stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape
along side of the animal's body.
The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not
surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the
pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a saving in weight. In the birds,
however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts.
Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned
that flying vertebrates must have been warm blooded because flying implies a high internal temperature.
Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the
body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and
relatively thick hairlike fossil material was the first clear evidenced that his reasoning was correct.
Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became air-borne have led to suggestions that they launched
themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees, or even by rising into light winds from the crests
of waves. Each hypothesis has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaur's hind feet
resembled a bat's and could served as hooks by which the animal could bang in preparation for flight. The
second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without
damaging their wings. The birds calls for high waves to channels updrafts. The wind that made such
waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.
The author's discussion of Emerson, Thoreau, Hawthorne, Melville, and Whitman Is primarily concerned
with explaining.
A. The way some of their beliefs are shaped by differences in temperament and literary outlook.
B. some of their beliefs about the difficulties involved in self-realization
C. some of their beliefs concerning the relationship between humanism and democracy
D. the effects of some of their beliefs on their writings
E. some of their beliefs concerning the world and the place that humanity occupies in the universal order
正解：E
質問 6：
You must be the change you wish to see in the world. What does the speaker of the above sentence
mean to imply?
A. For making a difference in others, make a difference in yourself first.
B. lf you set an example, others will follow.
C. People will not change until you do.
D. Every reform starts at home.
E. You must behave with others the way you want them to behave with you.
正解：B
質問 7：
Before we can come to a decision, we shall need to hear all the pros and cant's of the matter.
A. to hear all the pros and cons of the matter.
B. to hear all the pros to cons of the matter.
C. to hear all the pros of cons of the matter.
D. to hear all the pros the cons of the matter.
E. to hear all the pros and cant's of the matter.
正解：A
質問 8：
Minnie has to use a combination of four colors to prepare a card. The colors available are white, red, blue,
green, yellow, orange, purple and pink.
If white or red is chosen, the other must also be chosen.
Blue and green cannot be chosen together.
Either blue or white or both must be chosen.
Purple cannot be chosen with pink or without red.
If blue and pink are chosen how many combinations can be made?
A. 4
B. 5
C. 1
D. 3
E. 2
正解：D
Yano -
驚きました！短い時間で、PRAXIS2試験参考書を利用したら、無事にPRAXIS2試験に合格しました！